Methotrexate CAS# 59-05-2

Methotrexate (MTX), formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant. It is used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, ectopic pregnancy, and for medical abortions. Types of cancers it is used for include breast cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma, and osteosarcoma. Types of autoimmune diseases it is used for include psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn’s disease. It can be given by mouth or by injection.
Common side effects include nausea, feeling tired, fever, increased risk of infection, low white blood cell counts, and breakdown of the skin inside the mouth. Other side effects may include liver disease, lung disease, lymphoma, and severe skin rashes. People on long term treatment should be regularly checked for side effects. It is not safe during breastfeeding. In those with kidney problems lower doses may be needed. It acts by blocking the body’s use of folic acid.
Methotrexate was first made in 1947 and came into medical use initially to treat cancer as it was less toxic than other avaliable agents. It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. Methotrexate is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost as of 2014 in the developing world is between 0.06 and 0.36 USD per day for the form taken by mouth. In the United States a typical month of treatment costs 25 to 50 USD.